Electromagnetic transducers generate either a single continuous sound or intermittent tones. They are available with either self-contained or external drive circuitry.
Piezoelectric ceramic elements are sintered bodies made of many crystals. Crystal distortion occurs when thermal, mechanical, or electrical stress is applied to the ceramic element. These distortions offer many possible uses, including alarm and sensor applications. In audible output applications, a metal plate is attached to the ceramic element because the resonant frequency of the ceramic is too high to produce an audible tone by itself. The metal plate vibrates because of the contraction and expansion of the piezo ceramic, and an audible signal is produced.
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Transducers are capable of both receiving and transmitting signals.
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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) is a European Union (EU) directive that requires all manufacturers of electronic and electrical equipment sold in Europe to demonstrate that their products contain only minimal levels of the following hazardous substances: lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl ether. RoHS became effective on July 1, 2006.
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Multi-pin connectors are used primarily for external interfacing. Typical applications include measuring equipment, industrial sensors, industrial equipment and machines, computers and peripherals, medical equipment, and audio and video equipment.
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Surface mount technology (SMT) adds components to a printed circuit board (PCB) by soldering component leads or terminals to the top surface of the board. SMT components have a flat surface that is soldered to a flat pad on the face of the PCB. Typically, the PCB pad is coated with a paste-like formulation of solder and flux. With careful placement, SMT components on solder paste remain in position until elevated temperatures, usually from an infrared oven, melt the paste and solder the component leads to the PCB pads.
Industry-standard pick-and-place equipment can mount SMT components quickly, accurately, and cost-effectively. SMT is a widely used alternative to mounting processes that insert pins or terminals through holes and solder leads into place on the opposite side of the board.
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The tone of the alarm is pulsed or non-continuous.
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Sound pressure level (SPL), an expression of loudness or volume, is measured in decibels (dB). A 10-dB increase in SPL represents a doubling in volume.
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The full-required range of ambient operating temperature.
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External drive circuitry transducers have a single coil and a magnetic circuit composed of a permanent magnet, an iron core, a highly permeable metal disk, and a vibrating diaphragm. The disk and diaphragm are attracted to the core by the magnet's magnetic field. When an oscillating signal moves through the coil, it creates a fluctuating magnetic drive that vibrates the diaphragm at the drives signal's frequency. A sound is produced based on the frequency applied.
Transducers with self-contained drive circuitry have inductively coupled coils. This type of transducer produces and average sound output of 85 dB or 10 cm/min.
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