Devices present images in a range of colors, typically by combining discrete colors. For example, combining an image's red, green, and blue (RGB) components creates a wide spectrum of colors.
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Horizontal resolution is the maximum number of individual picture elements that can be distinguished in a single scanning line. This measurement is used to characterize the horizontal video resolution corrected for the image aspect ratio, or to specify the resolution in the largest circle than can fit in a rectangular image. A 640 x 480 image would, for example, be specified as 480 horizontal lines.
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Sensitivity refers to minimum scene illumination required for good image quality. The standard unit for Illuminance is lux, or lumens per square meter (lm/m2).
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The National Television System Committee (NTSC) 525-line color television standard is used in North America and Japan. Approximately 480 lines hold image information. The remaining lines contain synchronization, time delay, and other encoded information such as closed caption text. The standard frame rate is 30 frames per second.
Phase alternate line (PAL) is a 625-line, 25-frame per second color television standard used in Europe. The phase of the color carrier is shifted 180° for each image line, making PAL less sensitive to color signal phase distortion. PAL provides lower vertical resolution than NTSC, but requires complex processing equipment.
RS485 is a balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data. The advantage of a balanced signal is a greater immunity to noise. The difference between RS422 and RS485 is that RS485 can be transformed into a multi-point application.
Parallel channels can transfer more than one bit simultaneously. They connect to a computer through a parallel port. Common protocols include standard parallel port (SPP) and enhanced parallel port (EPP). Centronics connectors are standard parallel interface devices for connecting printers and other peripherals such as portable disc drives, tape backup drives, and CD-ROM players to computers.
Ethernet is a local area network (LAN) protocol that uses a bus or star typology and supports data transfer rates of 10 Mbps. The Ethernet specification is the basis for the IEEE 802.3 standard, which specifies the physical and lower software layers. To handle simultaneous demands, Ethernet uses carrier sense multiple access / collision detection (CSMA/CD) to monitor network traffic. This includes fast ethernet and gigabit ethernet.
Camera Link®, a registered trademark of the Automated Imaging Association, is a communication interface for vision applications. It extends the base technology of CHANNEL LINK, a chipset that supports high-speed, point-to-point data transmission.
Universal serial bus (USB) is a 4-wire, 12-Mbps serial bus for low-to-medium speed peripheral device connections to personal computers (PC), including keyboards, mice, modems, printers, joysticks, audio functions, monitor controls, etc. The USB design is standardized by the USB Implementers Forum (USBIF), an organization that includes leading companies from the computer and electronics industries. The current USB specification is USB 2.0, which supports data transfer rates of up to 480 Mbps.
IEEE 1394 or FireWire® is an interface standard adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for very fast digital data transfers such as streaming video. IEEE 1394 connectors are used to transmit and receive data among FireWire devices, and are designed to replace external high-speed peripheral connections to personal computers, including hard disks, CD-ROMs, DVDs, graphics cards, high-speed scanners, direct video, monitors, etc. Tiny, robust FireWire connectors will also become important parts of home entertainment, communication, and appliance networks. FireWire is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
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High speed devices are designed for high-speed image capture, typically to be replayed in extreme slow motion.
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Saturation occurs when the light that is sensed exceeds a pixel's capacity to emit electrons. Excessive charge can bleed into adjacent pixels and cause bright spots or streaks to appear on the image, a condition known as blooming. Anti-blooming gates remove excessive charge and can significantly reduce blooming, but often at the cost of reduced sensitivity.
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Auto-lens operation is a mode in which the lens iris automatically adjusts to maintain a predetermined level of light on the image pickup device. Cameras with auto-lens mode may also provide automatic lens focusing.
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Cameras are enclosed in a protective dome made from materials such as acrylic or polycarbonate. Typically, these materials are optically corrected for accurate image capture.
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Automatic gain control (AGC) uses electronic circuitry to increase video signals in low-light conditions. This can introduce noise and, subsequently, graininess in the picture. Typically, AGC is disabled and specifications are presented with this feature turned off.
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Gamma is the nonlinear relationship between the video signal level and the subsequent image element brightness. Gamma correction compensates for this nonlinearity in order to render the image true in color while providing intensity to the original object. For the purposes of this search form, cameras that can turn Gamma correction on and off are considered to include this feature.
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Progressive scan is a CCD design that allows acquisition of both even and odd fields at the same time. Each pixel contains information from one complete frame. This technology allows high resolution without the use of a mechanical shutter. Progressive scan cameras are used for image acquisition of rapidly moving objects and accurate dimensional measurements.
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C-mount lenses have a flange-back distance of 17.5 mm and are required for C-mount cameras. By comparison, CS-mount lenses have a flange-back distance of 12.5 mm. Because of their shorter back focal distance, CS-mount lenses cannot be used with C-mount cameras. C-mount features a diameter of 1” and a 32-thread per inch mounting thread.
CS-mount cameras can use both C-mount and CS-mount lenses; however, C-mount lenses require either a 5 mm adapter or adjustments to the CS-mount camera. Because of their shorter back focal distance, CS-mount lenses can be used only with CS-mount cameras. CS-mount features a diameter of 1” and a 32-thread per inch mounting thread.
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Quantum efficiency is the ratio of photon-generated electrons that a pixel captures to the photons incident on the pixel area. This value is wavelength dependent so that the given value for quantum efficiency is generally for the peak sensitivity wavelength of the CCD.
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Fill factor is the percentage of the sensor array that is actively used for image sensing. Some types of sensors (e.g., CMOS) have on-board amplifiers or other circuitry whose physical space reduces the fill factor.
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Enter the full-required range of ambient operating temperature.
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